The
establishment of the Tidal Observation Network (TON) in
Malaysia commenced in 1983. This project was initialized and carried out by
JUPEM under the supervision and
assistance given by the Japan Maritime Safety Agency. By
the end of 1995, altogether twenty-one (21) stations
were established and in operation, in which twelve (12)
were located around the Peninsular and the rest in Sarawak
and Sabah as in TABLE 4. The
stations were evenly distributed along the coast and the
locations selected to show typical characteristics of tides
of the adjacent sea. The stations were constructed on a
rigid shore or where a stable structure extends into the
sea.
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The
Geodesy Section is responsible for the monitoring of the tide
gauge stations which involves regular maintenance of the gauges
as well as the collection, processing, analysis and distribution
of observed tidal data. The observed tidal data and other
related values are published annually in two reports released
by the JUPEM, namely The Tidal Observation Record
and The Tidal Prediction Table and The Tidal Prediction
Table. To obtain reliable data, tides are observed systematically
at all stations continuously over a common period for many
years. The tide gauges were well maintained by having regular
visits and servicing to ensure uninterruptible observations.
The measurement of the zero point was also done during the
monthly visit to ensure that the tidal height recorded on
the tide gauge is measured from a fixed reference point. The
height differences between the tide gauge base point, the
standard tidal benchmark and other benchmarks were observed
twice a year by precise levelling. The levelling is useful
to monitor any possible vertical movement of the tidal observation
platform.
JUPEM was also involved in the ASEAN-Australia Tides
and Tidal Phenomena Project (AATTP) which was implemented
in 1985 for the purpose of improving regional cooperation
in marine science. The project aimed to obtain simultaneous
observations of sea level time series in the ASEAN region
and to centralize all modern sea level data into a certified
data base. Furthermore it has been reported (Ito, 1994) that
the tidal stations at Lumut and Cendering were included in
the network of Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS)
coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
(IOC). It has been recommended that these two GLOSS
stations will be tied into the International Terrestrial Reference
Frame (ITRF) using space geodetic fixing techniques
(ibid., 1994).
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Peninsular
Malaysia
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| Station |
Established |
Type
|
Type
/ Date Replaced
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1.
Pulau Langkawi
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Nov.
1985
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ April 1998
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2.
Pulau Pinang
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Nov.
1984
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ April 1998
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3.
Lumut
|
Nov.
1984
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ April 1998
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4.
P. Kelang
|
Dec.
1983
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-3
/ Nov 2008
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5.
Tanjung Keling
|
Nov.
1984
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ May 1998
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6.
Kukup
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Nov.
1985
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ May 1998
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7.
Johor Bahru
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Dec.
1983
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LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ May 1998
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8.
Tanjung Sedili
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Oct.
1986
|
LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ May 1998
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9.
Pulau Tioman
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Nov.
1985
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ May 1998
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10.
Tg. Gelang
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Dec.
1983
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ April 1998
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11.
Cendering
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Oct.
1984
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-3
/ Nov 2008
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12.
Getting
|
Oct.
1986
|
LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ April 1998
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East
Malaysia Sarawak/Sabah
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| Station |
Established |
Type
|
Type
/ Date Replaced |
|
13.
Kuching
|
Feb
1996
|
LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ June 1998
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14.
Bintulu
|
Aug
1992
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-3
/ Nov 2008
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15.
Miri
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Jan
1993
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ Jan 1994
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16.
Labuan
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Dec
1995
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DFT-1
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17.
Kota Kinabalu
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June
1987
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LTT-3AD
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DFT-1
/ June 1998
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18.
Kudat
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Oct
1995
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DFT-1
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19.
Sandakan
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Aug.
1993
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DFT-1
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20.
Lahad Datu
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Oct
1995
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DFT-1
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21.
Tawau
|
June
1987
|
LTT-3AD
|
DFT-1
/ Aug. 1993
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